Effects of structured group reminiscence in sports and non-sports environments on cognitive empowerment and optimism in older adults: a quasi-experimental study

Abstract

Background: Population aging presents global challenges in healthcare and social support. This study investigates the impact of structured group reminiscence on cognitive empowerment and optimism in older adults, addressing the need for effective interventions to promote successful aging.

Methods: A quasi-experimental pre-test–post-test design was employed; involving 36 older adults aged 60-79. Participants were randomly assigned to either a reminiscence group in a sports environment, a reminiscence group in a non-sports environment, or a control group. The intervention consisted of 12 weekly structured group reminiscence sessions. Cognitive empowerment was measured using the Older Adults Cognitive Empowerment Questionnaire, and optimism was assessed using the Optimism (Life Orientation) Questionnaire.

Results: The findings revealed that both reminiscence groups (sports and non-sports environments) showed significant improvements in cognitive empowerment and optimism compared to the control group. There was a trend toward greater gains in the sports environment group, although this difference was not statistically significant.

Conclusion: Structured group reminiscence, regardless of the environment, is an effective intervention for enhancing cognitive empowerment and optimism in older adults. These findings suggest that incorporating reminiscence therapy into programs for older adults can contribute to improved psychological well-being and successful aging. Further research is warranted to explore the potential benefits of sports environments in maximizing the effects of reminiscence therapy.

Keywords: Reminiscence, older adults, cognitive empowerment, optimism, sports environment, aging