Diverse models in Alzheimer's research: exploring alternative approaches beyond traditional rodent frameworks

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disorder that progressively impairs cognitive function and memory. It is characterized by the buildup of beta-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, leading to the progressive destruction of brain cells, especially in the hippocampus and neocortex. Despite extensive research, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying AD remain unclear. Rodent models, that are the mainstay of AD research, offer inherent limitations, thus prompt the search and exploration of alternative models. To address this knowledge gap, scientists have turned to non-mammalian models such as zebrafish, fruit flies, and worms. These organisms provide a valuable platform for studying AD due to their shorter lifespans, ease of genetic manipulation, and lower maintenance costs. Additionally, they facilitate high-throughput screening and real-time imaging, which accelerates the investigation of underlying pathogenesis and discovery of potential drug targets. By exploring the complex pathogenesis of AD using these models, researchers aim to develop innovative therapies to combat this devastating disease.

Keywords: Alzheimer's disease, Drosophila melanogaster (fruit flies), Caenorhabditis elegans (worms), Danio rerio (zebra fish), transgenic models, neurodegeneration