Effect of dual task training versus analogy training on gait speed and balance in older adults—randomized controlled trial

Abstract

Background: Walking performance is often impaired by both cognitive and motor tasks, especially in the el derly. These tasks result in reduced speed, longer strides, and increased variability in stride length. Cognitive methods, including attentional tactics, self-instruction strategies, or external cues, can improve gait. This study aims to determine the effect of dual training and analogy training on gait speed and balance in older adults.

Methods: This three-arm, parallel, single-blind, randomized control trial was conducted, 116 participants were screened out of which 69 individuals (aged 60-75 years) were allocated into 3 groups with the allocation ratio of (1:1:1), group A dual task training, group B analogy training, group C control group. Training sessions lasted 45 min, 3 days per week for 4 weeks. For assessment, the time up and go test, modified fall efficacy scale, activity specific balance confidence scale, 10-meter walk test and Tinetti performance-oriented mobility assessment scale were performed before and after.

Results: The Mann-Whitney U test was used to determine the difference between groups, and the Wilcoxon sign rank test was used for within-group analysis. Time up and go test shows significant improvement in group A (P = 0.02). The 10-meter walk test shows significant improvement in preferred walking speed, maximum walking speed, and activity confidence in group B (P = 0.0001).

Conclusion: This study concludes that analogy training was superior to dual-task training and the control group and can be used as an effective mode of gait rehabilitation to improve gait speed and balance in the el derly. Analogy training and dual-task training can be used for gait rehabilitation in older adults.

Keywords: Analogy training, dual-task training, gait rehabilitation, geriatric, walking speed and balance